Slovo 6, 2018

 

ARTICLES

Răzvan-Mihai BĂCANU

De la Faust la Maestrul și Margareta. Completări și distincții (From Faust to The Master and Margarita. Annotations and Distinctions.), p. 4-13

Abstract. Since its awakening from the slumbers of primitive instincts, mankind has been accompanied by myth. It constituted a representation of the unexplainable from a non-empirical perspective, clarifying the very existence of the universe. But people evolved, and so did our mythological insight. In this paper we give a brief overview of the representations of the Faustian myth in the work of Johann von Goethe, the one who established the story of Faust as an independent unit in the modern European mythological canon, and in the novel Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov, in order to give a parallel demonstration of how it was adapted by this author in the context of the Stalinist era.

Keywords: Myth; Faust; insight; unexplainable; understanding.

Andreea BĂJENARU

Nihilism și relativismul moral în Crimă și Pedeapsă, de F. M. Dostoievski (Nihilism and the Moral Relativism in Crime and Punishment by F. M. Dostoevsky), p. 14-25

Abstract. The following article represents an analysis that treats the subject of nihilism and moral relativism as reflected in the novel Crime and Punishment, between the characters, through their ideological dialogues. It is about the conflict of interests between the novel’s heroes: Rodion Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov, the gloomiest character of the literary work. We are going to analyse in a comparative manner the destinies of the two protagonists in connection with the nihilist ideology and we are going to present the similarities and the differences between them, emphasizing the major difference that separates them and that makes them go on opposite pathways.

Keywords: nihilism; moral relativism; the theory of the superman; freedom.

Maria-Cătălina CAIMEANU

Problema libertății la Max Stirner și Dostoievski (The Concept of Freedom in Max Stirner and Dostoevsky’s Works), p. 26-36

Abstract. The idea of freedom has been the center of attention of many philosophers and writers for a very long time as the concept of freedom is a debatable notion, which can be interpreted distinctively in accordance with the culture, values and religion of different people. The 19th century is characterized by important cultural phenomena, which redrew the boundaries of literature. During this period of time the concept of freedom achieved new forms. Novelists F. M. Dostoevsky and Max Stirner expressed their thoughts on freedom in writings such as Notes from Underground and The Ego and Its Own. Our article concentrates on the analysis of the idea of freedom, comparing two different concepts, namely spirituality and pragmatism.

Keywords: Freedom; spirituality; pragmatism; Dostoevsky; Stirner.

Costin-Cristian CHIVU

Rolul soteriologic al clasei muncitoare în filosofia lui V. I. Lenin și reflectarea acestui rol în filmul Greva, de Serghei Eisenstein (The Soteriological Role of the Working Class in V.I. Lenin’s Philosophy and How This Role Is Mirrored in the Film Strike by Serghei Eisenstein.), p. 37-45

Abstract. The following article focuses on the innovative nature of Leninism, understood as an ideology originating in Marxism and developed in opposition to its fundamental principles, both in itself and as reflected in the silent film Strike, directed by Sergei Eisenstein in 1924. Drawing on the contributions made in the field of Marxist/Communist studies by such authors as Stéphane Courtois or Antonio Gramsci, the article tries to uncover the common thread between the understanding of the role of the working class in Lenin (the working class seen as the messianic force of change) and the reflection of this understanding in Eisenstein’s debut film.

Keywords: working class; ideology; Marxism; voluntarism; alienation.

Diana MIHĂILĂ

Moralitate și revoluție sexuală în Sonata Kreutzer, de L. N. Tolstoi (Morality and Sexual Revolution in The Kreutzer Sonata by Leo Tolstoy), p. 46-56

Abstract. The following article – Morality and Sexual Revolution in The Kreutzer Sonata by L. N. Tolstoy – is a straightforward analysis of the concept of love in relation to the writer’s beliefs and values, by exploring the nature of woman and the relationship between man and woman after marriage from a psychological perspective; given the multiple creative facets of Tolstoy, the current theme has been chosen in order to deepen the genius of Tolstoy, by discovering new meanings regarding the psychological and social dimensions; the purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate the real image of love in Russia’s 19th century, without being concealed in an inaccurate, cliché form that other writers tended to tackle before; the starting point is Pozdnyshev’s shocking, different vision of what love means, that will eventually lead to an original and decisive lifestyle.

Keywords: marriage; sexuality; abstinence; womanhood.

Livia Maria NISTOR

Confruntarea dintre real și ficțional în romanul Povestitorul și moartea, de Gheorghi Markovski (The Confrontation Between Reality and Fiction in the Novel The Storyteller and The Death by Georgi Markov), p. 57-67

Abstract. In this paper stemming from the theories of Roland Barthes and Brian McHale, we will try to analyze and prove that the novel The Storyteller and Death by Georgi Markovski falls into the category of postmodernist fiction as it problematizes the distinction between reality and fiction, rejects the author’s domination and uses many other characteristic features of the postmodernist texts. The novel was written in the mid-1980s, at a time when postmodernism in Bulgarian literature was almost unknown.

Keywords: realistic narrative; postmodern narrative; authority; intertext and textuality; irony; autoreflexitivity.

Roxana PENA

Realitatea și reflectarea ei în vis la F. M. Dostoievski (The Reality and How It Is Mirrored in Dreams in F. M. Dostoevsky’s Works), p. 68-75

Abstract. The Russian literature of the 19th century was and still is highly debated by literary critics. Dostoevsky, a significant representative of that period, offered his readers questions and answers which are generally valid even today. Whether we talk about his psychological, philosophical or religious writings, Dostoevsky made use of a specific technique of painting the reality in dreams, using the oneiric as an instrument of revelation or as an alternative to past events. This article highlights the role of the dream in two different stories written by Dostoevsky (where the oneiric might be difficult to be observed) and in his well-known novel Crime and Punishment.

Keywords: oneiric; reality; anticipation; subconscious.

Ciprian Nicolae ȚIGĂNOIU

Valențe ale peisajului literar în proza rusă din secolul al XIX-lea (Features of the Literary Landscape in the 19th Century Russian Prose), p. 76-85

Abstract. Romanticism and realism are the most important literary movements of the 19th century. Although today literary critics have reached an agreement regarding the temporary delimitations of these movements, at that time romanticism had continued to influence the literary creations a long time after the occurrence of realism. We can observe this direction especially in the Russian literature where the romantic epigonism represents a literary phenomenon in itself. This contrastive analysis between two literary creations published at two years distance will support the thesis above.

Keywords: romanticism; realism; epigonism; literary landscape.

Andreea-Paula URSU

Trei cazuri de reprezentare a dedublării la Chamisso, Dostoievski și Saramago (Three Instances of Duplication in Chamisso, Dostoevsky and Saramago’s Works), p. 86-97

Abstract. The literary convention of the double is rooted in the theories of the German philosophy. The concept of the double has been analyzed from different perspectives, such as psychological, religious, sociological or mythological perspective. This paradoxical figure appears as an instrument of both liberation and oppression. This article analyses the literary image of the double and discusses the symbolism of the main characters and scenes, who fell under the auspices of duality, focusing on the works of Adelbert von Chamisso, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and Jose Saramago. The purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to draw up a comparison between the three works, which belong to different literary movements and secondly, to find the common elements and characteristics of the analyzed works.

Keywords: duрliсаtion; the shadow; duality; survival; liberation.